M James Madison

James Madison (1751–1836), the fourth President (1809–1817), is often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his pivotal role in its drafting and ratification. As President, he led the nation through the War of 1812 against Britain, a conflict which tested the young country’s resolve and ended in a stalemate that nonetheless affirmed American independence.

Interesting anecdote: Madison was the shortest U.S. President, standing only about 5 feet 4 inches (163 cm) tall and weighing around 100 pounds. Despite his small stature, he had an enormous impact on the nation’s foundational laws and institutions.